domingo, 15 de julio de 2007

Clase 3: Diagramas de Flujo.

Materia: Lógica Computacional
Profesor: Lic. Salomón Aquino.
Fecha: 16/07/07

Objetivos de la clase:
Al final de la clase los alumnos y alumnas serán capaces de:
1. Comprender y aplicar el concepto de diagrama de flujos.
2. Comprender y aplicar las reglas de construcción de los diagramas de flujos.
3. Elaborar diagramas de flujo.

Los Diagramas de Flujo:
Son la representación gráfica de la solución algorítmica de un problema.
Para diseñarlos se utilizan determinados símbolos o figuras que representan una acción dentro del procedimiento.
Utilizan unos símbolos normalizados, con los pasos del algoritmo escritos en el símbolo adecuado y los símbolos unidos con flechas, denominadas líneas de flujo, que indican el orden en que los pasos deben ser ejecutados.

Para su elaboración se siguen ciertas reglas:
Se escribe de arriba hacia abajo y de izquierda a derecha
Siempre se usan flechas verticales u horizontales, jamás curvas
Se debe evitar cruce de flujos
En cada paso se debe expresar una acción concreta
Secuencia de flujo normal en una solución de problema
Tiene un inicio
Una lectura o entrada de datos
El proceso de datos
Una salida de información
Un final

Simbología para diseñar flujogramas.




VENTAJAS DE USAR DIAGRAMAS DE FLUJO
Rápida comprensión de las relaciones
Análisis efectivo de las diferentes secciones del programa
Pueden usarse como modelos de trabajo en el diseño de nuevos programas o sistemas
Comunicación con el usuario
Documentación adecuada de los programas
Codificación eficaz de los programas
Depuración y pruebas ordenadas de programas

DESVENTAJAS DE LOS DIAGRAMAS DE FLUJO
Diagramas complejos y detallados suelen ser laboriosos en su planteamiento y diseño
Acciones a seguir tras la salida de un símbolo de decisión, pueden ser difíciles de seguir si existen diferentes caminos
No existen normas fijas para la elaboración de los diagramas de flujo que permitan incluir todos los detalles que el usuario desee introducir.

Ejemplo de diagrama de flujo:




Ejercicio:
Indica cuáles de los siguientes diseños son válidos según las reglas de construcción de flujogramas:

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